An Integral Structure A fractal cosmos is an integral structure of universes-within-universes and particles-upon- particles.  The interrelationships between universes and particles can be understood in terms of these following definitions. (See Figure 1.)   A fractal particle (or a particle) is a standing wave pattern superimposed on a substrate of smaller particles.  A substrate is a super-dense solid sphere made of particles. A stratum is all of the particles and wave patterns as well as all of the empty space or vacuum superimposed on a single substrate.  A fractal universe (or a universe) is either a substrate or a stratum, depending on whether it is viewed from the outside or inside, respectively.